NR 422.144(1)(a)(a) This section applies to the owner or operator of a printing facility that operates a letterpress printing press in the county of Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, or Waukesha if actual VOC emissions from all letterpress printing presses, including related letterpress cleaning activities at the facility, before consideration of controls, equal or exceed 3 tons on a 12 consecutive month rolling basis. When determining the VOC emissions for applicability under this paragraph, the VOC emissions from the cleaning of electronic components of a letterpress printing press, pre-press and post-press cleaning operations and the use of janitorial supplies used to clean around a letterpress printing press are excluded. The VOC emissions from solvents used in cold cleaners are excluded for applicability purposes.
NR 422.144 Note
Note:
Janitorial supplies are cleaners, such as detergent-based products, used to clean the floor or for other general cleaning purposes, for example, areas not contaminated with spilled ink.
NR 422.144(1)(b)
(b) To determine VOC emissions under par.
(a), the VOC content of a letterpress ink shall be multiplied by 0.8 for a heatset ink, or multiplied by 0.05 for a non-heatset ink, to account for VOC retention on the substrate.
NR 422.144(2)
(2)
Retention factors and capture efficiencies. For purposes of determining VOC emissions from letterpress printing operations, the following retention factors and capture efficiencies may be used:
NR 422.144(2)(a)
(a) A 20% VOC retention factor for heatset petroleum oil inks printed on absorptive substrates, meaning 80% of the VOC in the ink is emitted during the printing process and is available for capture and control by an add-on pollution control device.
NR 422.144(2)(b)
(b) A 95% VOC retention factor for sheet-fed and non-heatset web petroleum oil inks printed on absorptive substrates, meaning 5% of the VOC in the ink is emitted during the printing process.
NR 422.144(2)(c)
(c) A 50% VOC retention factor for cleaning solution in shop towels where the composite partial vapor pressure of the VOC in the cleaning solution is less than 10 mm of Hg at 20
°C (68
°F) and the cleaning solution and contaminated shop towels are kept in closed containers, meaning 50% of the VOC used on the shop towels is emitted during the cleaning process.
NR 422.144(2)(d)
(d) A 100% VOC capture efficiency for inks. All the VOC in the ink that is not retained is assumed to be volatilized in the press dryer. Capture efficiency testing for heatset dryers is not required if it is demonstrated that pressure in the dryer is negative relative to the surrounding press room and the airflow is into the dryer.
NR 422.144(2)(e)
(e) A 40% VOC capture efficiency for automatic blanket or roller wash where the VOC composite partial vapor pressure of the blanket or roller wash is less than 10 mm of Hg at 20
°C (68
°F).
NR 422.144(3)
(3)
Exemptions. The following exemptions apply to letterpress printing operations in Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington and Waukesha counties:
NR 422.144(3)(a)
(a) Up to 110 gallons of blanket or roller wash, on a 12-consecutive month rolling basis, which do not meet the low VOC composite partial vapor pressure or low VOC content requirements as stated in this section, are exempt from the requirements of this section.
NR 422.144(3)(b)
(b) The printing of books on a heatset letterpress press is exempt from the requirements of sub.
(4) (a).
NR 422.144(3)(c)
(c) Heatset letterpress presses with a maximum web width of up to 22 inches are exempt from the requirements of sub.
(4) (a).
NR 422.144(4)(a)1.1. Beginning on March 1, 2013, no owner or operator of a heatset web letterpress printing press may operate, or cause, allow or permit the operation of a letterpress press that has maximum theoretical emissions of VOCs, from the dryer, equal to or greater than 25 tons per year from heatset inks, unless the owner or operator installs and operates an emission control device and meets the applicable emission limitation as follows:
NR 422.144(4)(a)1.a.
a. If the emission control device was first installed prior to February 1, 2012, the owner or operator shall reduce VOC emissions from the letterpress press dryer exhaust by 90% by weight as carbon, minus methane and ethane, or maintain a maximum dryer exhaust outlet VOC concentration of 120 ppmv, as carbon, minus methane and ethane.
NR 422.144(4)(a)1.b.
b. If the emission control device was first installed after February 1, 2012, the owner or operator shall reduce VOC emissions from the letterpress press dryer exhaust by 95% by weight as carbon, minus methane and ethane, or maintain a maximum dryer exhaust outlet VOC concentration of 120 ppmv, as carbon, minus methane and ethane.
NR 422.144(4)(a)2.
2. The first installation date for a control device for purposes of subd.
1. is the date the device was first ever installed. The first installation date does not change if the device is later moved to a new location.
NR 422.144(4)(a)3.
3. If a combined dryer and control device is a part of the press design, a 100% capture at the control inlet may be assumed for purposes of meeting the emission reduction limits in subd.
1. NR 422.144(4)(b)
(b)
Blanket or roller wash. Except as provided in sub.
(3) (a), on and after May 1, 2012, no owner or operator of a letterpress printing press may use, or cause, allow or permit the use of a blanket or roller wash with a VOC composite vapor pressure of greater than or equal to 10 mm of Hg at 68
°F or greater than or equal to 70% by weight.
NR 422.144(5)(a)(a) Beginning on February 1, 2012, the owner or operator of a letterpress press subject to this subsection shall store all solvents, solvent solutions and any shop towels or other applicator moistened with solvents or solvent solutions that are used in cleaning operations related to letterpress printing in covered non-absorbent, non-leaking containers, except when filling or emptying the container.
NR 422.144(6)
(6)
Recordkeeping requirements. In addition to the applicable recordkeeping requirements in s.
NR 439.04, the owner or operator of any letterpress printing press shall collect and record the applicable information specified in this subsection. The information shall be maintained at the facility for a minimum of 5 years and shall be made available to a department representative at any time during normal working hours. The information required is:
NR 422.144(6)(a)
(a) For a heatset web letterpress printing press using a control device, for each day of operation:
NR 422.144(6)(a)2.
2. A log of the operating time for the control device, control device monitoring equipment, and the associated printing line or operation.
NR 422.144(6)(a)3.
3. A maintenance log for the control device and control device monitoring equipment detailing all routine and non-routine maintenance performed and including the dates and duration of any outages.
NR 422.144(6)(b)
(b) For each blanket or roller wash batch, monthly records of the percent by weight VOC content or the composite partial vapor pressure, as applied, and the date and time the batch was prepared.
NR 422.144(6)(c)
(c) For each month of operation, the volume of all blanket or roller wash used which does not meet either of the emission limitations in sub.
(4) (b).
NR 422.144(7)(a)(a) The owner or operator of a heatset web letterpress printing press shall demonstrate compliance with the appropriate destruction efficiency or emission rate in sub.
(4) (a) by performing compliance emission tests on each control device. The initial emission tests shall be performed by the compliance deadline in sub.
(8) (a) 1. or
(b) 1. or
2. Each emission test shall follow the methods and procedures listed in s.
NR 439.07. Method 25 or 25A in
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 484.04 (19) and
(20), shall be used to determine the VOC concentration at the sampling points, including the exhaust stream entering and existing the control device. When determining the VOC concentration, the probe shall be heated during testing to at least the exhaust gas stream temperature. In cases where the anticipated outlet VOC concentration of the control device is less than 50 ppmv as carbon, Method 25A shall be used.
NR 422.144(7)(b)
(b) The owner or operator of a heatset web letterpress printing press shall perform the compliance emission tests required under par.
(a) according to one of the following applicable test schedules:
NR 422.144(7)(b)1.
1. Any facility with allowable VOC emissions from letterpress printing presses of 100 tons or more per year shall perform an emission test which demonstrates compliance with sub.
(4) (a) every 24 months. Each biennial test shall be performed within 90 days of the anniversary date of the initial emission test.
NR 422.144(7)(b)2.
2. Any facility with allowable VOC emissions from letterpress printing presses of less than 100 tons per year shall perform an emission test which demonstrates compliance with sub.
(4) (a) every 48 months. Each test shall be performed within 90 days of the anniversary date of the initial emission test.
NR 422.144(7)(c)
(c) The VOC content of heatset web, sheet-fed and cold set web letterpress inks and blanket or roller wash shall be determined by Method 24 of
40 CFR part 60, Appendix A, incorporated by reference in s.
NR 484.04 (13).
NR 422.144(8)
(8)
Compliance schedule and certification requirements. NR 422.144(8)(a)1.1. The owner or operator of a letterpress printing press shall comply with the applicable emission limitations for the dryer exhaust in sub.
(4) (a) by February 1, 2013.
NR 422.144(8)(a)2.
2. The owner or operator of a heatset web letterpress printing press shall submit to the department, no later than July 1, 2012, written certification that the press is in compliance with the applicable requirements of subs.
(4) and
(5) and shall provide a demonstration of compliance in accordance with subs.
(6) and
(7). A compliance emission test performed in accordance with s.
NR 439.07 no more than 2 years prior to the compliance deadline, which demonstrates compliance with sub.
(4) (a), is acceptable as a demonstration of compliance in accordance with sub.
(7).
NR 422.144(8)(b)1.1. The owner or operator of a heatset web letterpress printing press which is installed after May 1, 2012 shall perform a compliance emission test within 180 days after installation of the press and shall submit to the department no later than 60 days after the test written certification that the press is in compliance with the applicable requirements of subs.
(4) and
(5) and a demonstration of compliance in accordance with subs.
(6) and
(7).
NR 422.144(8)(b)2.
2. The owner or operator of any letterpress printing press, other than a heatset web press, which is installed after May 1, 2012 shall submit to the department, no later than 180 days after installation of the press, written certification that the press is in compliance with the applicable requirements of subs.
(4) and
(5) and a demonstration of compliance in accordance with subs.
(6) and
(7).
NR 422.144 History
History: CR 11-005: cr.
Register January 2012 No. 673, eff. 2-1-12.
NR 422.145(1)(a)(a) Subsections
(2),
(3), and
(4) apply to all screen printing units at screen printing facilities that are either of the following:
NR 422.145(1)(a)1.
1. Located in the county of Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Washington, or Waukesha and which have maximum theoretical emissions of VOCs from all screen printing units at the facility equal to or greater than 25 tons per year.
NR 422.145(1)(a)2.
2. Located in the county of Kewaunee, Manitowoc, or Sheboygan and which have maximum theoretical emissions of VOCs from all screen printing units at the facility equal to or greater than 100 tons per year.
NR 422.145(1)(b)
(b) Except as provided in sub.
(1m), subs.
(2m), and
(4) apply to the owner or operator of a screen printing facility located in the county of Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Washington, or Waukesha if VOC emissions from all industrial cleaning operations, before consideration of controls, equal or exceed 3 tons per year on a 12 consecutive month basis.
NR 422.145(1m)
(1m)
Exemptions. The following exemptions are applicable to various provisions of this section:
NR 422.145(1m)(b)
(b) Subsection
(2m) (a) does not apply to cleaning conducted in conjunction with performance laboratory testing on coatings or inks; research and development programs; and laboratory tests in quality assurance laboratories.
NR 422.145(1m)(c)
(c) Subsection
(2m) (a) and
(e) do not apply to cleaning with aerosol products if 160 fluid ounces or less of VOC-containing aerosol products are used per day for industrial cleaning operations, per facility.
NR 422.145(1m)(f)
(f) Subsection
(2m) (e) does not apply to the cleaning of the nozzle tips of automated spray equipment systems, except for robotic systems that are programmed to spray into a closed container.
NR 422.145(2)(a)(a) General. No owner or operator of a screen printing unit may cause, allow or permit the emission of any VOCs in excess of 0.40 kilograms per liter (3.3 pounds per gallon) of ink or coating, excluding water, delivered to an applicator, except as provided in pars.
(b) and
(c).
NR 422.145(2)(b)
(b) Special purpose inks and coatings. No owner or operator of a screen printing unit using a special purpose ink or coating may cause, allow or permit the emission of any VOCs in excess of 0.80 kilograms per liter (6.7 pounds per gallon) of special purpose ink or coating, excluding water, delivered to an applicator.
NR 422.145(2)(c)
(c) Roll coating. No owner or operator of a screen printing unit may cause, allow or permit the emission of any VOCs in excess of 0.80 kilograms per liter (6.7 pounds per gallon), excluding water, delivered to a roll coating applicator associated with screen printing.
NR 422.145(2m)(a)
(a)
Solvent and solvent solution requirements. Except as provided under par.
(d), no owner or operator of a facility may cause, allow or permit the use of a solvent or solvent solution for industrial cleaning operations unless the VOC content of the solvent or solvent solution is less than or equal to the applicable VOC content listed in Table 5 for the respective cleaning operation. For the purposes of this subsection, VOC content shall be defined as in s.
NR 423.02 (11r). -
See PDF for table 
NR 422.145(2m)(b)
(b)
Cleaning devices and methods requirements. Except as provided under par.
(d), the owner or operator of a facility shall comply with the following requirements associated with the identified cleaning devices or methods when using solvents or solvent solutions:
NR 422.145(2m)(b)1.
1. Physically rub a surface with a porous applicator such as a rag, paper, sponge, or a cotton swab moistened with solvent or solvent solution.
NR 422.145(2m)(b)2.
2. Closed containers or hand held spray bottles from which solvents or solvent solutions are applied without a propellant-induced force.
NR 422.145(2m)(b)3.
3. Cleaning equipment which has a solvent or solvent solution container that is closed during cleaning operations, except when depositing and removing objects to be cleaned, and is closed during non-operation with the exception of maintenance and repair to the cleaning equipment itself.
NR 422.145(2m)(b)4.
4. A remote reservoir cleaner operated in compliance with all of the following requirements:
NR 422.145(2m)(b)4.a.
a. Solvent vapors are prevented from escaping from the solvent or solvent solution container by using devices such as a cover or a valve when the remote reservoir is not being used, cleaned, or repaired.
NR 422.145(2m)(b)4.b.
b. Flow is directed in a manner that prevents solvent or solvent solution from splashing outside of the remote reservoir cleaner.
NR 422.145(2m)(b)4.c.
c. The cleaner is not used for cleaning porous or absorbent materials, such as cloth, leather, wood, or rope.
NR 422.145(2m)(b)4.d.
d. Only solvent or solvent solution containers free of all liquid leaks are used. Auxiliary equipment, such as pumps, pipelines, or flanges, may not have any liquid leaks, visible tears, or cracks. Any liquid leak, visible tear, or crack detected shall be repaired within one calendar day, or the leaking section of the remote reservoir cleaner shall be drained of all solvents or solvent solutions and shut down until it is replaced or repaired.
NR 422.145(2m)(b)5.
5. A non-atomized flow method where the used solvents or solvent solutions are collected in a container or a collection system which is closed, except for the solvent or solvent solution collection openings that may be open when filling or emptying, or the opening caused by use of a pressure relief valve.
NR 422.145(2m)(b)6.
6. A flushing method where the used solvents or solvent solutions are discharged into a container which is closed, except for the solvent or solvent solution collection openings that may be open when filling or emptying, or the opening caused by use of a pressure relief valve. The discharged solvents or solvent solutions shall be collected into containers without atomizing into the open air.
NR 422.145(2m)(c)
(c)
Storage and disposal. The owner or operator of a facility shall store all solvents or solvent solutions used in industrial cleaning operations in non-absorbent, non-leaking containers which shall be kept covered except when filling or emptying. Cloth and paper moistened with solvents or solvent solutions shall be stored in covered, non-absorbent, non-leaking containers.
NR 422.145(2m)(d)
(d)
Control equipment. In lieu of complying with the requirements in pars.
(a) and
(b), the owner or operator of a facility may use a VOC emission control system to control VOC emissions from the industrial cleaning operations at the facility provided one of the following requirements is met:
NR 422.145(2m)(d)2.
2. The emission control system has a minimum VOC capture efficiency of 90% and an output of VOC emissions of less than 50 ppm calculated as carbon, not including methane and ethane, with no dilution, as determined in accordance with s.
NR 439.06 (3) (a).
NR 422.145(2m)(e)
(e)
General prohibitions. The owner or operator of a facility may not atomize any solvent or solvent solution unless the resulting VOC emissions are controlled by an air pollution control system that meets one of the requirements of par.
(d).
NR 422.145(2m)(f)
(f)
Alternative compliance option. In lieu of complying with the requirements in par.
(a), the owner or operator of a facility may use solvents or solvent solutions for industrial cleaning operations which have a VOC composite partial vapor pressure of less than or equal to 8 mm of Hg at 20
°C.
NR 422.145(3)
(3)
Compliance deadline. The owner or operator of a screen printing unit subject to this section on which construction or modification commenced before July 1, 1994 shall achieve final compliance with the emission limitations of sub.
(2) not later than May 31, 1995. Any source which is subject to this section and on which construction or modification commenced on or after July 1, 1994 shall meet the emission limitations of sub.
(2) upon startup.
NR 422.145(4)
(4)
Recordkeeping. In addition to the applicable recordkeeping requirements in s.
NR 439.04, the owner or operator of any screen printing facility shall collect and record the applicable information specified in this subsection. The information shall be maintained at the facility for a minimum of 5 years and shall be made available to a department representative at any time during normal working hours. The information required is:
NR 422.145(4)(a)
(a) For each operation that is exempt under sub.
(1m) (c), the daily quantity in fluid ounces of VOC-containing aerosol product used for industrial cleaning operations.
NR 422.145(4)(b)
(b) For each operation that is subject to sub.
(2m), the following information as appropriate:
NR 422.145(4)(b)1.
1. The name and identification of each cleaning material and the associated solvent cleaning activity.
NR 422.145(4)(b)2.
2. The VOC content of each cleaning material, in pounds per gallon of material, as employed or the VOC composite partial vapor pressure of the solvents or solvent solutions used in industrial cleaning operations.
NR 422.145 History
History: Cr.
Register, June, 1994, No. 462, eff. 7-1-94;
CR 11-005: renum. (1) to be (1) (a) (intro.) and am., cr. (1) (a) 1., 2., (b), (1m), (2m), r. (2) (d), r. and recr. (4)
Register January 2012 No. 673, eff. 2-1-12; correction made in (1) (a) (intro.), (b) made under s.
13.92 (4) (b) 7. Register January 2012 No. 673;
CR 20-088: am. (1m) (intro.)
Register May 2022 No. 797, eff. 6-1-22.
NR 422.15
NR 422.15 Miscellaneous metal parts and products — part 1.
